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MY EMPLOYERS AND CLIENTELLES



BIODATA - NIK ZAFRI


 



NIK ZAFRI BIN ABDUL MAJID,
CONSULTANT/TRAINER
Email: nikzafri@yahoo.com, nikzafri@gmail.com
https://nikzafri.wixsite.com/nikzafri

Kelantanese, Alumni of Sultan Ismail College Kelantan (SICA), IT Competency Cert, Certified Written English Professional US. Has participated in many seminars/conferences (local/ international) in the capacity of trainer/lecturer and participant.

Affiliations :- Network Member of Gerson Lehrman Group, Institute of Quality Malaysia, Auditor ISO 9000 IRCAUK, Auditor OHSMS (SIRIM and STS) /EMS ISO 14000 and Construction Quality Assessment System CONQUAS, CIDB (Now BCA) Singapore),

* Possesses almost 30 years of experience/hands-on in the multi-modern management & technical disciplines (systems & methodologies) such as Knowledge Management (Hi-Impact Management/ICT Solutions), Quality (TQM/ISO), Safety Health Environment, Civil & Building (Construction), Manufacturing, Motivation & Team Building, HR, Marketing/Branding, Business Process Reengineering, Economy/Stock Market, Contracts/Project Management, Finance & Banking, etc. He was employed to international bluechips involving in national/international megaprojects such as Balfour Beatty Construction/Knight Piesold & Partners UK, MMI Insurance Group Australia, Hazama Corporation (Hazamagumi) Japan (with Mitsubishi Corporation, JA Jones US, MMCE and Ho-Hup) and Sunway Construction Berhad (The Sunway Group of Companies). Among major projects undertaken : Pergau Hydro Electric Project, KLCC Petronas Twin Towers, LRT Tunnelling, KLIA, Petronas Refineries Melaka, Putrajaya Government Complex, Sistem Lingkaran Lebuhraya Kajang (SILK), Mex Highway, KLIA1, KLIA2 etc. Once serviced SMPD Management Consultants as Associate Consultant cum Lecturer for Diploma in Management, Institute of Supervisory Management UK/SMPD JV. Currently – Associate/Visiting Consultants/Facilitators, Advisors for leading consulting firms (local and international) including project management. To name a few – Noma SWO Consult, Amiosh Resources, Timur West Consultant Sdn. Bhd., TIJ Consultants Group (Malaysia and Singapore) and many others.

* Ex-Resident Weekly Columnist of Utusan Malaysia (1995-1998) and have produced more than 100 articles related to ISO-9000– Management System and Documentation Models, TQM Strategic Management, Occupational Safety and Health (now OHSAS 18000) and Environmental Management Systems ISO 14000. His write-ups/experience has assisted many students/researchers alike in module developments based on competency or academics and completion of many theses. Once commended by the then Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia for his diligence in promoting and training the civil services (government sector) based on “Total Quality Management and Quality Management System ISO-9000 in Malaysian Civil Service – Paradigm Shift Scalar for Assessment System”

Among Nik Zafri’s clients : Adabi Consumer Industries Sdn. Bhd, (MRP II, Accounts/Credit Control) The HQ of Royal Customs and Excise Malaysia (ISO 9000), Veterinary Services Dept. Negeri Sembilan (ISO 9000), The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (Aspects of Project Management – KLCC construction), Corporate HQ of RHB (Peter Drucker's MBO/KRA), NEC Semiconductor - Klang Selangor (Productivity Management), Prime Minister’s Department Malaysia (ISO 9000), State Secretarial Office Negeri Sembilan (ISO 9000), Hidrological Department KL (ISO 9000), Asahi Kluang Johor(System Audit, Management/Supervisory Development), Tunku Mahmood (2) Primary School Kluang Johor (ISO 9000), Consortium PANZANA (HSSE 3rd Party Audit), Lecturer for Information Technology Training Centre (ITTC) – Authorised Training Center (ATC) – University of Technology Malaysia (UTM) Kluang Branch Johor, Kluang General Hospital Johor (Management/Supervision Development, Office Technology/Administration, ISO 9000 & Construction Management), Kahang Timur Secondary School Johor (ISO 9000), Sultan Abdul Jalil Secondary School Kluang Johor (Islamic Motivation and Team Building), Guocera Tiles Industries Kluang Johor (EMS ISO 14000), MNE Construction (M) Sdn. Bhd. Kota Tinggi Johor (ISO 9000 – Construction), UITM Shah Alam Selangor (Knowledge Management/Knowledge Based Economy /TQM), Telesystem Electronics/Digico Cable(ODM/OEM for Astro – ISO 9000), Sungai Long Industries Sdn. Bhd. (Bina Puri Group) - ISO 9000 Construction), Secura Security Printing Sdn. Bhd,(ISO 9000 – Security Printing) ROTOL AMS Bumi Sdn. Bhd & ROTOL Architectural Services Sdn. Bhd. (ROTOL Group) – ISO 9000 –Architecture, Bond M & E (KL) Sdn. Bhd. (ISO 9000 – Construction/M & E), Skyline Telco (M) Sdn. Bhd. (Knowledge Management),Technochase Sdn. Bhd JB (ISO 9000 – Construction), Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia (IKIM – ISO 9000 & Internal Audit Refresher), Shinryo/Steamline Consortium (Petronas/OGP Power Co-Generation Plant Melaka – Construction Management and Safety, Health, Environment), Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Negotiation Skills), Association for Retired Intelligence Operatives of Malaysia (Cyber Security – Arpa/NSFUsenet, Cobit, Till, ISO/IEC ISMS 27000 for Law/Enforcement/Military), T.Yamaichi Corp. (M) Sdn. Bhd. (EMS ISO 14000) LSB Manufacturing Solutions Sdn. Bhd., (Lean Scoreboard (including a full development of System-Software-Application - MSC Malaysia & Six Sigma) PJZ Marine Services Sdn. Bhd., (Safety Management Systems and Internal Audit based on International Marine Organization Standards) UNITAR/UNTEC (Degree in Accountacy – Career Path/Roadmap) Cobrain Holdings Sdn. Bhd.(Managing Construction Safety & Health), Speaker for International Finance & Management Strategy (Closed Conference), Pembinaan Jaya Zira Sdn. Bhd. (ISO 9001:2008-Internal Audit for Construction Industry & Overview of version 2015), Straits Consulting Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (Full Integrated Management System – ISO 9000, OHSAS 18000 (ISO 45000) and EMS ISO 14000 for Civil/Structural/Geotechnical Consulting), Malaysia Management & Science University (MSU – (Managing Business in an Organization), Innoseven Sdn. Bhd. (KVMRT Line 1 MSPR8 – Awareness and Internal Audit (Construction), ISO 9001:2008 and 2015 overview for the Construction Industry), Kemakmuran Sdn. Bhd. (KVMRT Line 1 - Signages/Wayfinding - Project Quality Plan and Construction Method Statement ), Lembaga Tabung Haji - Flood ERP, WNA Consultants - DID/JPS -Flood Risk Assessment and Management Plan - Prelim, Conceptual Design, Interim and Final Report etc., Tunnel Fire Safety - Fire Risk Assessment Report - Design Fire Scenario), Safety, Health and Environmental Management Plans leading construction/property companies/corporations in Malaysia, Timur West Consultant : Business Methodology and System, Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) ISO/IEC 27001:2013 for Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya ISMS/Audit/Risk/ITP Technical Team, MPDT Capital Berhad - ISO 9001: 2015 - Consultancy, Construction, Project Rehabilitation, Desalination (first one in Malaysia to receive certification on trades such as Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination and Project Recovery/Rehabilitation)

* Has appeared for 10 consecutive series in “Good Morning Malaysia RTM TV1’ Corporate Talk Segment discussing on ISO 9000/14000 in various industries. For ICT, his inputs garnered from his expertise have successfully led to development of work-process e-enabling systems in the environments of intranet, portal and interactive web design especially for the construction and manufacturing. Some of the end products have won various competitions of innovativeness, quality, continual-improvements and construction industry award at national level. He has also in advisory capacity – involved in development and moderation of websites, portals and e-profiles for mainly corporate and private sectors, public figures etc. He is also one of the recipients for MOSTE Innovation for RFID use in Electronic Toll Collection in Malaysia.

Note :


TO SEE ALL ARTICLES

ON THE"LABEL" SECTION BELOW (RIGHT SIDE COLUMN), YOU CAN CLICK ON ANY TAG - TO READ ALL ARTICLES ACCORDING TO ITS CATEGORY (E.G. LABEL : CONSTRUCTION) OR GO TO THE VERY END OF THIS BLOG AND CLICK "Older Posts"


 

Showing posts with label ICT. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ICT. Show all posts

Thursday, August 15, 2024

DEFEND YOURSELF AGAINST DEEPFAKES - Nik Zafri



Deepfake technology represents a remarkable achievement in artificial intelligence, offering significant benefits across various industries such as architecture through VR/simulation, gaming, entertainment, healthcare, and more.

However, deepfakes also have the potential to be misused, for instance, to frame or ridicule individuals or to trigger public unrest or part of elaborate scamming. Some deepfakes are so convincingly realistic that they can easily confuse viewers, especially those encountering them for the first time.

As deepfake technology advances, detecting these falsified videos becomes increasingly difficult. Similar to superimposed photos, deepfakes can be identified by examining the source codes or metadata—such as timestamps, locations, and device types—as well as by analyzing the following elements : 

1. Unnatural Facial Movements and Expressions 

e.g. 

blinking - even in the newly improved models, sometimes deepfakes do have issues with realistic blinking patterns. (14 to 17 times a minute)

Pay attention to mouth movement as well especially during a speech. The lips can sometimes be out of sync with the audio or move unnaturally

Facial Expressions can seem to be exaggerated, stiff, or inconsistent with the tone of the speech.

2. Inconsistent Lighting and Shadows

Lighting - deepfakes might struggle with consistent lighting across the face and body. If you watch carefully, you may spot shadows/highlights that don't match scene's overall lighting

Reflections - Glasses, jewelry, or shiny objects should reflect light naturally. If the reflections look off or are missing, it could indicate a deepfake.

3. Unnatural Eye Movements

One of the most obvious element in spotting a deepfake is the gaze direction where yes direction may not align naturally with the head or body movement, or the gaze might appear fixed/static or robotic.

4. Hair and Teeth

Hair - another problem is in the rendering of hair - look at the edges where it meets the background. Hair might appear blurry, or individual strands may not be visible.

Teeth can too perfect, overly white, or lack texture, making them seem unnatural.

5. Audio-Visual Mismatch

Sync Issue where the audio does not match the visual, either due to timing issues or because the deepfake doesn’t accurately replicate the mouth’s movements.

Voice Quality sounding too robotic or doesn’t match the person’s usual tone.

6. Background Anomalies

Inconsistencies - strange distortions or warping in the background, especially near the edges of the face or body.

Blurring - area around the face might be blurred or have different quality levels compared to the rest of the scene.

7. Resolution Discrepancies - Pixelation -  Check for inconsistencies in the video’s resolution. For instance, if the face appears sharper or more pixelated than the rest of the frame, it could be a deepfake.

8. Edge Quality - Pay attention to the edges of the face and body. If they appear too smooth or too sharp compared to the rest of the video, it might be a sign of manipulation.

9. Unusual Artifact - Distortion - Look for any visible distortions, especially when the person moves their head quickly. Deepfakes might struggle to keep up with fast movements.

10. Color Shifts - If the skin tone or color of the face changes abruptly, it might indicate that the video has been tampered with.

11. Content Inconsistencies - Context - Consider the context of the video. If the behavior, speech, or actions of the person seem out of character.

12. Mismatched Statements - Compare the content with known facts or previous statements by the individual - check for any discrepancies.

13. Use of Detection Tools - There are tools and software available that can help detect deepfakes by analyzing inconsistencies that might not be visible to the human eye.

Friday, December 01, 2023

DATA PRIVACY, IS IT REALLY SAFE? - NIK ZAFRI



Data Privacy must be the most important topic for the day.

Organization should have a clear policy outlining how they collect, use, store and protect personal information of individual.  Policy; in this context; must be deemed as a legal statement not simply a written policy pasted on the wall. It must be something that inform users about their rights regarding their personal data.

Data Privacy should take into account :

a) Information collected - details on types of data collected from users/customers - such as names, email, addresses, phone numbers, addresses, even birthdays etc. As such any typical CRM system that collects such data MUST BE protected at the front office level or quality assurance level or public relation level (do not overlap one another)

Three examples :

i) if birthdays are revealed to third parties, it may pave to way to corruption. Or;

ii) like what's happening today; phone numbers are being collected by scammers and conners. There are rumours that these information are being sold internally to 3rd parties - what is the top management action on this issue?

iii) How secure is the protection of the collection system? How good is the firewall or other anti-hacking facilities?

b) Purpose of Data Collection - There should be jsutifications of why the data is being collected especially when being asked by users/customers. This can range from processing orders to improving services or marketing purposes.

c) How will the Data be Used - Information on how the collected data will be utilized by the organization.

d) Data Sharing - Disclosure about whether the organization shares user data with third parties and the reasons for doing so.

e) User Rights - Explanation of users' rights regarding their data, such as the right to access, rectify, or delete their information.

f) Data Security Measure - Details about the security measures in place to protect the collected data from unauthorized access or breaches.

g) Contact Information - Information on how users can contact the organization regarding their data privacy concerns or requests.

h) If there is a breach, exposure, or hacking of the collected data, will there be a specific investigation or special enquiry? What penalties might the organization face if found responsible for such a breach?

(Are our strategies for witness protection, anti-corruption, and governance/transparency proving effective?)

Data Privacy Policies are important for transparency and compliance with data protection laws (such as GDPR in Europe or CCPA in California). They help users understand how their personal information is handled and provide them with a level of assurance about its protection.

Sunday, June 11, 2023

MENGENAI MEMILIH PASARAN PRODUK/PERKHIDMATAN

Petikan dari satu forum tertutup. ("Pok Nik" - salah satu gelaran yang diberikan kepada saya)

Assalamualaikum Poknik,

Saya ada berbincang dengan kawan-kawan berkaitan perniagaan dan keusahawanan, rata-rata bersetuju yang menceburi bidang keusahawanan akan memberi pulangan pendapatan yang baik. Masalahnya, saya dapati ramai kawan-kawan saya ini memberi respon yang mereka ini telah salah "timimg" masuk industri, contoh industri ICT yang terlalu ramai usahawan (players) berbanding peluang kerja yang ada, industri pertanian yang berkembang menyebabkan harga semasa turun dsb.

Persoalan saya:

1. Bagaimanakah cara untuk memastikan yang usahawan itu memasuki pasaran yang diingini pada masa dan tempat yang betul (right time right place)

2. Apakah strategi yang boleh dilaksanakan jika industri yang telah diceburi semakin tepu (dengan andaian tiada peluang dalam industri lain, sukar untuk beralih ke industri lain)

3. Berdasarkan pengalaman Poknik, bagaimanakah pola perubahan dalam sesebuah industri yang bermula dengan fasa permulaan, fasa pertumbuhan, fasa kematangan dan fasa penurunan? Dan bagaimana strategi perniagaan yang boleh diaplikasikan dalam setiap fasa tersebut?

4. Minta pandangan Poknik terhadap peluang dan ancaman jika melibatkan diri dalam bidang pengurusan kebun sawit iaitu, katakan saya bercadang untuk menyewa kebun sawit yang dah berumur 10 tahun untuk tempoh 10 tahun lagi.

Pandangan Poknik dalam perkara diatas saya dahului dengan ucapan terima kasih.

Jawapan

Wslm

Terima kasih di atas pertanyaan berkenaan.

Sebenarnya semua jenis perniagaan dan keusahawanan dapat memberikan pulangan yang baik jika kena dengan caranya.

Bidang ICT dan pertanian juga adalah dua bidang yang kalau diusahakan dengan kaedah/pendekatan yang tepat, ianya masih dapat menjana pendapatan yang tinggi.

Pendapat saudara mengenai salah 'masa' itu tidak timbul jika kita telah membuat kajian yang mendalam ke atas satu-satu jenis perniagaan. Contohnya ICT, jika dibuat kajian, yang paling digemari ramai sekarang ini adalah yang mempunyai unsur 'skim cepat kaya'. ICT itu sendiri adalah satu bidang yang sangat luas. Jika kita lihat dari konteks pembangunan perisian yang disesuaikan dengan kehendak industri maka dengan sendirinya terdapat banyak peluang pembiayaan dan geran akan mudah didapati.

Sebenarnya, pengurusan kurang memuaskan sesuatu perniagaan itu masih saya kaitkan dengan ilmu - kekurangan ilmu, pengalaman dan ketrampilan adalah penyebab utama kejatuhan mana-mana perniagaan sekali pun.

Kekurangan ilmu ini juga penyebab utama kemasukan dalam pasaran hanya berdasarkan pada trend semasa...kalau 'A' memasuki sesuatu perniagaan, maka 'B' juga akan terlibat sama.

Masa dan berita juga memainkan peranan, contohnya, jika kita ingin menceburi bidang pembinaan, kita perlu meneliti perkembangan umpamanya, harga barang-barang binaan besi semakin meningkat (contohnya) dan ketika itu tidak ada satu harga siling yang ditetapkan, maka kita tidak digalakkan sama sekali untuk menceburi bidang pembinaan.

Tentang strategi tu, berbalik kepada asas penerangan Pok Nik, sejauh manakah kita ini mempunyai ilmu dan maklumat yang terkini kepada kita? Dan adakah kita pandai menilai sumber maklumat berkenaan? Adakah ianya perlu ditapis? Adakah ianya hanya satu 'rumour' semata-mata? Perkara ini perlu ada dalam diri seorang usahawan sejati.

Masalah kita ialah kita tidak mahu melabur dalam mendapatkan ilmu - contohnya jika sesuatu kursus/persidangan yang bertaraf antarabangsa, mungkin kita tidak ceburi kerana harganya mahal bagi kita, walhal kita memerlukan ilmu berkenaan.

Secara ringkasnya, pola perubahan berkaitan dengan suasana ekonomi itu sendiri. Kadang-kadang jurang antara fasa tidak begitu ketara kerana faktor 'sustainability' (kesinambungan).

Cuma ramai yang salah faham, bila berlaku 'fluctuation' di antara fasa ke fasa, mereka beranggapan ianya adalah tanda kejatuhan. Jadilah 'panik' dalam pasaran tak pasal-pasal.

Sebenarnya ianya adalah 'market correction'. (jika 'average gap' tak besar le) Faktor ini mungkin disebabkan oleh Keluaran Negara Kasar tetapi 'growth' berlaku secara konstan (Hodrick-Presscott - HP) walaupun terdapat 'naik turun (fluctuations) - input yang perlu kita perhati dan pertimbangkan ialah :

a) pasaran buruh,

b) produktiviti,

c) cara organisasi menggunakan modal atau tenaga kerja,

d) Stok Modal (capital stock)

e) Nilai mesin

f) Bangunan

g) lain-lain peralatan/mesin yang membantu organisasi mengeluarkan barangan mereka.


Perniagaan kelapa sawit adalah satu perniagaan yang berpotensi tinggi.

Dari segi ekonomi, rantau ASEAN adalah salah satu daripada rantau yang dapat mencapai pertumbuhan yang pesat di dunia dengan iklim pelaburan yang paling menggalakkan di mana lebih 70% minyak kelapa sawit dikeluarkan. Kekayaan sumber asli ini akan terus menjadi penggerak kepada pertumbuhan yang berterusan bagi rantau ini dalam dekad yang akan datang. Pengeluaran minyak kelapa sawit akan terus meningkat, walaupun pada kadar yang lebih rendah dari yang telah dicapai sebelum ini memandangkan tanah yang sesuai untuk pertanian semakin berkurangan.

Kini teknologi baru telah mula diperkenalkan antara lain ialah untuk menjimatkan tenaga buruh dan Pok Nik pasti, dalam 1 dekad akan datang, teknologi akan menjadi lebih matang.

Itu belum lagi Pok Nik sentuh kepada produk-produk sawit - yang masih ada dan masih dikehendaki dalam pasaran setakat ini.

Sekian, wassalam

Wednesday, February 03, 2021

CAN TRADE SECRETS BE PROTECTED TODAY? - Overview by Nik Zafri

Nowadays, any organization with full infrastructure of ICT network and systems practicing 'data sharing' using the B2B and B2C platforms, painstakingly since early 2000 are now expanding their business.

However, when we talk about 'data transparency', the challenge is safeguarding 'sensitive data' (such as trade-secrets) and at the same time, not to intervene with the flow of information.

But today, should such secrets are not properly safeguarded, the sensitive data can suddenly become obsolete tomorrow due to "information explosion" on the net. Today, one organization introduced the latest technology, (no-hush-hush) - the next day, you'll see that the 'so-called new technology' ended up with similar but more improvised technology at the cheaper price - surprisingly from another country that thousands of miles away.

To avoid leaking problems, the plumbers are usually ICT and Human Resource Management - but what about the losses due to leaking information. Although the two departments are the right ones to deal with personnel revealing confidential information but it is still deemed as 'fire-fighting'. True enough, it happens again and again.

Humbly, let me share my own experience when I was employed to one organization to make a 'turnaround' under consultancy capability.

Without going into too much details, all I can conclude is that I managed to convince top management and other units/departments to return to the basics (looking back into the Core Business Process profusely written in their very own Company Manual - (chuckle they will find)

1) Research and Development, 

2) Design, 

3) Innovation, 

4) Advertising and Promotion, 

5) Market Survey, 

6) Marketing and Sales. 

Despite the hiccups I had with the 'Executive Management' team, I have succesfully managed to 'rehighlight' the aforesaid '6 profit centre' units to ALWAYS be in the lead to entice prospects, new customers and returning customers.

The 'data sharing' practices (what to share with the customers even on the company's website) must FIRST come and being reviewed by these units as they are the ones who knows better than any other units/departments which data is deemed as confidential or otherwise. 

The root cause of failure is always linked to another department or unit coming in 'too early' into the picture and doing 'someone's else job'. 

Sometimes, rewarding scheme for people achieving targets and definitely punishing those who did not can be BOTH FATAL.

People will start cutting corners, stabbing one another, stepping on other "cats tails" and God knows what. 

What if rewarding and punishing are being applied to Occupational Safety and Health matters, then there may be dangerous risks and hazards even leading to incidents and accidents - when workers start to cut corners either to achieve the objectives OR the fear of not achieving it. 

Mind you, I'm neither implying that other departments/units are of less significance nor rewarding system should not be practiced.

I'm really talking about :

a) 'Who to do What and When' and also 

b) effective monitoring must first be in place before considering to reward or to punish.

Friday, October 16, 2015

PELAN PERNIAGAAN (PITCHING) UNTUK GERAN, MODAL TEROKA DLL.

Mempunyai pelan perniagaan yang baik adalah faktor penentu yang membezakan antara permulaan yang berjaya atau permulaan yang gagal. Kadangkala laporan prestasi perniagaan yang dibentangkan terlalu tebal – tanpa memikirkan psikologi pelabur yang kadangkala tidak mempunyai masa untuk membaca laporan berkenaan. (Tidak kira apakah jenis instrumen yang ingin anda pohon - modal teroka, geran, seed capitalangel funds dll)

Photo Source : http://www.marsdd.com


Memahami kehendak pelabur amat penting kerana mereka adalah pembiaya kepada perniagaan anda. Antara perkara yang perlu diketengahkan ialah beberapa unsur yang penting sahaja yang sering menjadi perhatian kepada pendengar terhadap sesuatu pelan perniagaan.

Pastikan pembentang tahu apa kehendak industri yang diceburi dan mempunyai pandangan yang munasabah terhadap masa depan perniagaan yang ingin diketengahkan. Ini termasuklah strategi pemasaran dan pulangan kewangan.

Pertama, kenali dahulu skop perkhidmatan/produk ICT yang dibekalkan serta persaingannya. Ini adalah antara perkara yang paling penting. Contohnya isu yang boleh disentuh ialah :
  1. berapa besarkah industri ICT berkenaan,
  2. siapakah di antara pesaing yang kuat,
  3. kecepatan pertumbuhan industri ICT berkenaan,
  4. adakah industri ICT berkenaan merupakan perintis (yang unik atau pertama) atau hanya salah satu industri yang telah ramai berkecimpung di dalamnya,
  5. Bahagian pasaran manakah yang dapat menarik perhatian ramai,
Pelabur/Pembiaya biasanya ingin mendengar mengenai pasaran yang tumbuh dengan cepat dengan persaingan yang minima (contohnya segmen pasaran berkadar 20-30%)  Jika persembahan itu hanya mengenai sesuatu perisian – contohnya perisian pemprosesan perkataan (word-processing)‘kononnya’ bagi menggantikan MS-Word, maka persembahan berkenaan sudah pasti akan mencapai jalan yang buntu. Walaupun perisian berkenaan mendapat hakcipta sekalipun (ini juga kadangkala memerlukan kos yang tinggi) tetapi untuk bersaing dalam pasaran yang sering jauh lebih inovatif dan menyediakan pelbagai kelebihan, cadangan perniagaan berkenaan pasti akan mendapat sambutan yang hambar dari bakal pelabur.

Kedua, Model Pulangan dan Perniagaan –Pelabur sangat gemar kepada aliran hasil/keuntungan yang besar dan berulang-ulang serta meninggalkan kesan nilai tambah kepada pelanggan. Perkara yang perlu ditanya antara lain :
  1. apakah jenis perniagaan baru yang bakal dibina dan prospeknya? 
1.1 Perkakasan komputer (contohnya) - Perisian yang boleh dipasang (install) atau dimuatturun? - Sistem yang berinteraksi secara talian sahaja?

Ketiga, Bagaimana cara pembayaran?
  1. Adakah dengan sekali pembelian dan menanti pesanan baru?
  2. Hasil bulanan yang berulang-ulang?
  3. Penggunaan yang perlu dalam kuantiti yang banyak?
  4. Harga berbanding dengan pesaing?
  5. Apakah kelebihan unik yang ingin dipaparkan dalam pasaran atau hanya menggunakan cara yang umum digunakan oleh pengusaha lain?
Keempat, Pelan Pemasaran dan Jualan. Antara perkara-perkara yang perlu diperhatikan ialah strategi :
  1. adakah ianya melibatkan jaringan B2C (perniagaan ke pengguna) atau B2B (perniagaan ke perniagaan)?
  2. Adakah ianya memerlukan pasukan jualan yang besar?
  3. Adakah pemasaran ke pengguna memerlukan pelaburan yang tinggi?
  4. Adakah pemasaran menggunakan enjin carian di talian, e-mel atau melibatkan diri dalam pameran perniagaan?
  5. Adakah perniagaan itu memerlukan media sosial seperti laman web (3D? html? Multimedia?) termasuk elemen video atau lain-lain audio visual dsb)
  6. Bagaimanakah keupayaan bahan-bahan promosi di talian untuk menjadi ‘viral’
Biasanya konsep jualan secara ‘perniagaan ke perniagaan’ adalah lebih murah untuk dilancarkan berbanding dengan konsep pemasaran ‘perniagaan ke pengguna’. Namun B2B biasanya sukar mendapat perhatian pelabur kerana ianya mempunyai kitaran jualan yang lebih lama (dan banyak modal diperlukan). Namun ini tidak bermakna B2B tidak mampu bertahan, cuma ianya memerlukan modal terutamanya di pihak pembentang pelan perniagaan. (perniagaan yang telah berjaya tetapi memerlukan modal yang lebih untuk membesarkan lagi perniagaan berkenaan)

Tetapi ‘perniagaan ke pengguna’ jika diatur strategi yang betul, maka jualan di talian berpotensi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. Jika ianya berjaya dalam tempoh beberapa tahun (dari segi keuntungan dan penjenamaan) mungkin periklanan dan promosi dapat dikembangkan lagi ke radio, television mahupun bahan bercetak.

Apapun, pastikan pelaburan ke atas pemasaran dan jualan adalah munasabah bagi mencapai skel pulangan yang disasarkan. Paling penting, anda dapat ‘membaca fikiran’ pelabur mengenai apa yang sebenarnya mereka mahu dari anda.

Akhir sekali - yang keempat - Pasukan Pengurusan

Ini juga penting – siapakah ahli-ahli atau kakitangan-kakitangan yang akan menguruskan perniagaan berkenaan. Yang penting adalah pengalaman mereka dan bukti bahawa mereka mahir mengurus dan mentadbir perniagaan mahupun teknikal yang dicadangkan. Perkara ini kadangkala dipandang remeh oleh pembentang kerana terlalu ingin berjimat kos daripada memikirkan pelaburan di atas pekerja atau kakitangan yang kompetan.